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In Rust, supertraits allow you to define a trait hierarchy where a derived trait requires another trait to be implemented first. This is useful when modeling interfaces that build upon or depend on other capabilities.

In this challenge, you will define two traits: Person and Student. The Person trait provides the ability to retrieve a name, while the Student trait extends Person by adding additional fields specific to students, such as an ID and a field of study.

Your Task

  1. Define a trait Person:

    • It should require a method fn name(&self) -> String that returns the name of the person.

  2. Define a trait Student that is a supertrait of Person:

    • It should require methods:
      • fn id(&self) -> u32 to return the student ID.
      • fn field_of_study(&self) -> String to return the student's field of study.

  3. Implement both traits for a struct Undergraduate:

    • The Undergraduate struct should have fields id, name, and field_of_study.
    • Use the Student trait to provide the student's ID, name, and field of study.

Hints

If you're stuck, here are some hints to help you solve the challenge:

<details> <summary>Click here to reveal hints</summary>
  • Use the syntax trait Student: Person {} to define Student as a supertrait of Person.
  • Remember to implement both Person and Student for the Undergraduate struct.
  • Use self.name.clone() and self.field_of_study.clone() to return String values without ownership issues.
  • You can call methods from the supertrait explicitly using <YourType as YourTrait>::method_name().
</details>
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// 1. Finish the trait definition
pub trait Person


// 2. Finish the trait definition
pub trait Student


// 3. Finish the struct definition
pub struct Undergraduate {
    // Define fields for id, name, and field_of_study here...
}


// 4. Implement the necessary traits for the Undergraduate struct


// Example usage
pub fn main() {
    let student = Undergraduate {
        id: 101,
        name: "John Doe".to_string(),
        field_of_study: "Computer Science".to_string(),
    };


    assert_eq!(student.name(), "John Doe");
    assert_eq!(student.id(), 101);
    assert_eq!(student.field_of_study(), "Computer Science");
}