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We now have an overview of traits, how to define them and how they work, now it's time to put that knowledge to use and build a plugin system using traits.

A plugin in this system is any type that implements a specific trait. Each plugin will perform a specific task, and the system should manage a collection of these plugins, executing them in sequence. You’ll also address advanced issues like object safety and resolving potential conflicts between overlapping trait implementations.

Your Task

Design and implement a plugin system using trait objects. You will:

  1. Define a Plugin trait that includes methods for initialization and execution.
  2. Create a PluginManager struct to manage plugins. It should:
    • Dynamically load plugins implementing the Plugin trait.
    • Allow adding and removing plugins.
    • Execute all registered plugins in sequence.

Requirements

  • The Plugin trait should include the following methods:
    • fn name(&self) -> &str; - Returns the name of the plugin.
    • fn execute(&self); - Executes the plugin's functionality.
  • The PluginManager should:
    • Have the following methods and associated functions:
      • new() -> Self - Creates a new PluginManager instance.
      • add_plugin - Adds a plugin to the list.
      • remove_plugin - Removes a plugin from the list and returns the removed plugin if found.
      • execute_all - Executes all registered plugins.
  • If a duplicate plugin is added (with the same name), it should panic with the message "Plugin with name [name] already exists".

Make sure you make all relevant items public.

Hints

<details> <summary>Click here to reveal hints</summary>
  • Dynamic Dispatch: Store plugins in a Vec<Box<dyn Plugin>> for dynamic dispatch.
  • Plugin Uniqueness: Use the name method to identify and ensure uniqueness among plugins.
</details>
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pub trait Plugin {
    // 1. Finish the trait
}


pub struct PluginManager {
    // 2. Finish the struct
    // Make fields public
}


// 3. Implement the PluginManager
impl PluginManager {}


// Example usage
pub fn main() {
    let mut manager = PluginManager::new();


    manager.add_plugin(Box::new(MyPlugin::new()));
    manager.execute_all();
}